Unit+3+Terms

Divided government: situation in which the presidential party is not in accordance with the party in control of 1 or both Houses 

**//"It is not enough that your Legislature should be numerous; it should also be divided."// Ben Franklin**

Economic-protest party - a party without a clear cut ideological base, they are parties that rise from a common complaint, demand for their problem to be fixed and once their issue is getting better they usually disappear, much like the single - issue party, greenback party, and populist party

Factional party

Federalists-The Federa﻿lists are an American [Crack Headed] band based in [|Justice, IL]. The band was formed in September of 2005 when singer/songwriter Luke Franks decided to piece together a band to perform the songs he had been working on independently.The term federalist describes several political beliefs around the world. Also, it may refer to the concept of [|federalism] or the type of [|government] called a [|federation]. In early [|United States] history, the[|Federalist Party] was one of the first political parties; its members or supporters called themselves Federalists.

Ideological party Jacksonian Democrats- the political following of Andrew Jackson in his presidential bids of 1824 and 1828, the changes from traditional procedures included mass participation in democracy and building their party from the bottom up Minor party

One-issue party
Plurality system: A system of voting that allows multiple candidates to run and to not have to win with a majority. Instead, a candidate wins with a plurality which is just the largest amount of votes. Political machines- a disciplined political organization in which an authoritative boss or small group commands the support of a corps of supporters and business (usually campaign workers), who receive rewards for their efforts. Cities like New York, Chicago, and Boston were accused of using political machines in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. An example of a political machine: []

Political party- a political organization that typically seeks to attain and maintain political power within a government, usually by participating in electoral campaigns, educational outreach, or protest actions. Parties usually express an espoused ideology or vision bolstered by a written platform with specific goals, forming a coalition between disparate interests. Realignment

**__Republicans__**- Republicans belong to the Republican party, one of the two contemporary political parties in the United States. It was founded by anti-slavery expansion activists in 1854. The party's platform generally reflects American Conservatism in the political spectrum.

__**Solidarity party**__ an American political party that was started in Illinois, named after the solidarity movement that took place in Poland. It was founded in 1986 by Adlai Stevenson III in response to the nomination of two followers of Lyndon LaRouche to run for state office. Split ticket Sponsored party- A political party that is supported a lot by another organization in the community. For example: the UAW (United Auto Workers union) in Detroit turned some union organizing into voter organization for the Democratic Party. http://abclocal.go.com/wjrt/video?id=7430186http://abclocal.go.com/wjrt/video?id=7430186

** Superdelegates ** are party leaders and elected officials who become delegates to the national convention without having to run in primaries or caucuses. This term is usually applied only to the Democratic Party. Most of the superdelegates are chosen based on their status within in the party. Other superdelegates are chosen by state parties. Superdelegates are considered to be 'unpledged,' in that they are free to vote however they like.

__**Third party**__- A term used for a political party other than Democratic and Republican and it can included independents and write in candidates. Two-party system

Whigs- can refer to one of three:

 * an American political party which operated from 1834-1856 (Jacksonian era) supported the supremacy of Congress over the presidency, and favored a program of modernization and economic protectionism
 * a nickname for patriots, supporters of the American Revolution
 * Modern Whig Party, a current minor American political party. Their stated intention is to be a "party for the rest of us," and characterize themselves as a mainstream, middle-of-the-road grassroots movement that caters to those voters who believe in various Republican issues but also believe in various other Democratic issues

Winner-take-all system Caucus: a meeting of supporters or members of a political party or movement. Within these caucuses, groups coordinate political actions, decide upon group policy, and nominate candidates for various offices. Federal Election Commission General election: Election between the major parties that determines the ultimate winner who will hold office; typically held the Tuesday after the first Monday of November--entire House of Reps up for election + 1/3 Senate Gerrymandering

**Incumbency ** is the state of being an incumbent, a person already holding an elective office. It also may be defined to mean tenure, the term during which some position is held.

Independent expenditures:: acts that oppose/aid a candidate without their cooperation/direct knowledge/approval

Malapportionment: the process of allocating political power among a set of principles (or defined constituencies). In most representative governments, political power has most recently been apportioned among constituencies based on population. Apportionment is calculated through different mathematical formulas, which can produce different results in terms of seats for the relevant party or sector.

1974 Federal Campaign Reform Law Party coalitions- A party coalition is an agreement for cooperation between different [|political parties] on common political agenda, often for purposes of contesting an [|election] to mutually benefit by collectively clearing [|election thresholds] or otherwise benefiting from characteristics of the [|voting system] or for [|government] formation after [|elections]. Party realignment Political action committees (PACs) Position issues- issues on which the public is split and the opposing candidates also have opposite views __**Primary election**__- an election in which voters select candidates for a election and they are one way political parties nominate candidates for an election.

Soft money: financial contributions, also called "nonfederal" contributions, that are given to political parties for purposes other than directly supporting a political candidate running for federal office. These contributions are unlike "hard money" because there is n o limit on the amount of soft money that can be given to a political party.

why is it controversial? -though it is not used to support candidates it can be used for "party building" - it is used for things that are sometimes no different from supporting a federal candidate

Example: soft money can go to pay for political ads in support of a specific candidate

Spots Valence issues: issues the public agrees on, despite political differences (low crime rate, improved education, etc.)--candidates try to illustrate that they are more supportive of certain valence issues than their opponents

Visuals